In 2010, Satoshi disabled 15 opcodes (like OP_CAT and math functions) as an emergency measure to protect the network from DOS attacks.

Now, the “Great Script Restoration” (BIPs 440 & 441) wants to bring them back—along with transaction introspection (OP_TX) and macros—inside a new execution environment featuring an ironclad “computational budget” (varops) that prevents node resource abuse.

While it would unlock sovereign vaults, recursive covenants, and next-gen L2 scaling, it’s sparking huge debates:

The Tech: Can the proposed compute budget accurately protect cheap node hardware? The Economics: Will highly complex contracts bring MEV (Maximal Extractable Value) to Bitcoin, worsening mining pool centralization?

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